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Instruction: Language of the Computer I- MIPS
Sunday, 4 December 2016 • 02:52 • 0 comments



What is MIPS?

MIPS actually stands for Microprocessor without Interlocked Pipeline Stages- is a reduced instruction set computer(RISC) instruction set architecture (ISA) developed by MIPS Technologies. The early MIPS architectures were 32-bit, with 64-bit versions added later. But 32-bits MIPS are better because the smaller the bits, the faster they work. You can read more about MIPS here ;)

This will help you understand the format of writing MIPS:

 


 Now... what is machine language and assembly language?

 basically....

The instruction above means to add the integers in registers $t1 and $t2 and put the result in register $t0.

 By using SPIM, the simulator can translate assembly language to the machine language that the computer understands!

 What is register(s)?
Registers are like the "variables" of assembly language. The benefit of registers is since registers are directly in hardware, they are very fast. Meanwhile the disadvantage is since registers are in hardware, there are a predetermined number of them. However, we can fix it by carefully putting the MIPS code together to efficiently use the registers.

 C, Java variables vs Assembly registers


Addition and subtraction of Integers:
example : 
             

Zero Register
The zero register ($zero or $0) always contains a value of 0. It is built into the hardware and therefore cannot be modified.

Immediates

  •  Immediates are numerical constant
  • They appear often in code, so a special instruction are made for them
  • Add immediate (addi) means add to itself.
  • There is no subtract in Immediate because of the limit types of operation that can be done.

MIPS Memory

  • Memory contains instructions and data specific to a given program. 
  • Instructions are fetched automatically by control, while data is transferred explicitly between the memory and processor. 

Memory organization

  • Data is organized in linear memory as a stream of bits
  • Each byte is comprised of eight contiguous bit
  • Each word is comprised of four contiguous bytes.
  • A memory address is an index into the memory array
  • Byte addressing means that the index points to a byte of memory, and that the unit of memory accessed by a load/store is a byte


Big / Little Endian Byte Order

Bytes in a word can be numbered in two ways:
  • Big Endian: byte 0 at the leftmost (most significant) to byte 3 at the rightmost (least significant)
  • Little Endian: byte 3 at the leftmost (most significant) to byte 0 at the rightmost (least significant)

EXTRA :




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